Calamagrostis

HABIT Annual (1), or perennial (43). Rhizomes absent (21), or short (12), or elongated (12). Stolons absent (43), or present (1). Culms erect (27/34), or geniculately ascending (8/34), or decumbent (2/34); slender (1/1); 4–60.92–200 cm long; rooting from lower nodes (2/2). Lateral branches lacking (12/12), or sparse (1/12). Ligule an eciliate membrane, or a ciliolate membrane (1). Leaf-blades aciculate (1), or filiform (1), or linear (42); herbaceous (43), or coriaceous (2); stiff (13), or firm (31). Leaf-blade apex muticous (42), or pungent (2).

INFLORESCENCE Inflorescence a panicle; subtended by an unspecialized leaf-sheath (43), or an inflated leaf-sheath (1); exserted (43), or embraced at base by subtending leaf (1).

Panicle open (29), or contracted (11), or spiciform (4), or capitate (2). Primary panicle branches not whorled (43), or whorled at most nodes (1).

Spikelets solitary. Fertile spikelets pedicelled. Pedicels filiform (9/9); tip widened (1/1).

FERTILE SPIKELETS Spikelets comprising 1 fertile florets; without rhachilla extension (11), or with a barren rhachilla extension (34), or with diminished florets at the apex (1). Spikelets lanceolate (41), or elliptic (2), or cuneate (1); laterally compressed; 2–5.261–13 mm long; breaking up at maturity; disarticulating below each fertile floret. Rhachilla internodes brief up to lowest fertile floret (37), or elongated below proximal fertile floret (7). Floret callus glabrous (1), or pubescent (5), or pilose (6), or bearded (32).

GLUMES Glumes persistent; reaching apex of florets (1), or exceeding apex of florets (43); similar to fertile lemma in texture (2), or firmer than fertile lemma (42); parallel to lemmas (26), or recurved at apex (1), or gaping (18). Lower glume linear (3), or lanceolate (40), or elliptic (1); 0.75–0.9847–1.1 length of upper glume; membranous (43), or chartaceous (1); 1-keeled (43/43); 1 -veined (41/42), or 2 -veined (1/42), or 3 -veined (2/42). Lower glume lateral veins absent (39), or obscure (1), or distinct (5). Lower glume surface smooth (36), or asperulous (4), or scabrous (4); without pits. Lower glume apex entire (42), or erose (2), or dentate (1); 2 -fid (1/1); acute (25), or acuminate (19), or attenuate (1). Upper glume linear (3), or lanceolate (40), or elliptic (1); 1–1.567–3 length of adjacent fertile lemma; membranous (43), or chartaceous (1); with undifferentiated margins (42), or hyaline margins (1), or membranous margins (1); 1-keeled (43/43); 1 -veined (11/35), or 2 -veined (4/35), or 3 -veined (28/35). Upper glume primary vein eciliate (43), or ciliolate (2). Upper glume surface smooth (35), or asperulous (4), or scabrous (5). Upper glume apex entire (42), or erose (2), or dentate (1); 2 -fid (1/1); acute (24), or acuminate (20), or attenuate (1).

FLORETS Fertile lemma lanceolate (26), or elliptic (3), or oblong (14), or ovate (4); hyaline (8), or membranous (36); without keel; wingless; 3 -veined (6/34), or 4 -veined (2/34), or 5 -veined (30/34). Lemma lateral veins obscure (1/1); excurrent (4/8), or extending close to apex (5/8). Lemma surface smooth (40), or asperulous (2), or scaberulous (3), or scabrous (1); unwrinkled; without grooves; glabrous (43), or puberulous (1). Lemma apex entire (8), or erose (12), or dentate (25); 2 -fid (15/24), or 3 -fid (1/24), or 4 -fid (9/24); truncate (9/13), or obtuse (2/13), or acute (2/13); muticous (3), or awned (42); 1 -awned (39/42), or 3 -awned (1/42), or 5 -awned (2/42). Principal lemma awn subapical (4/42), or from a sinus (3/42), or dorsal (37/42); straight (32/42), or curved (1/42), or geniculate (12/42); attenuate (41/42), or pungent (1/42), or with clavate limb (1/42); 0.8–1.4–2.5 length of lemma. Palea present (43), or absent or minute (1); 0.3–0.7583–1 length of lemma; hyaline (10/43), or membranous (33/43); 2 -veined (7/7). Palea keels smooth (40/43), or scaberulous (2/43), or scabrous (1/43). Apical sterile florets 1 in number (1/1); linear (1/1).

FLOWER Lodicules 2 (39/39); membranous (6/6); glabrous (38/39), or ciliate (1/39). Anthers 3. Stigmas 2 (35/35). Ovary glabrous (1/1).

FRUIT Caryopsis with adherent pericarp (42/42); fusiform (2/6), or ellipsoid (1/6), or oblong (3/6). Embryo 0.25 length of caryopsis. Hilum punctiform (34/37), or linear (3/37).

DISTRIBUTION Europe (5), or Africa (3), or Temperate Asia (18), or Tropical Asia (5), or Australasia (1), or North America (5), or South America (20).

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