Dendrocalamus

HABIT Perennial. Rhizomes absent (1), or short (68); pachymorph (68/68). Culms erect (60/64), or arching (1/64), or leaning (5/64), or scandent (2/64); 150–1464–3300 cm long; woody; without nodal roots (7/28), or with prop roots (1/28), or rooting from lower nodes (4/28), or with root dots on the nodes (1/28), or with aerial roots from the nodes (21/28). Culm-internodes terete. Culm-nodes flush with internodes (5/8), or swollen (3/8); with distinct supra-nodal ridge (1/1). Lateral branches suffrutescent (1), or dendroid (68). Branch complement one (2/37), or three (1/37), or several (16/37), or many (18/37); in a horizontal line (1/2), or in an irregular line (1/2); with subequal branches (5/27), or 1 branch dominant (20/27), or 2 branches dominant (2/27), or 3 branches dominant (4/27); thinner than stem (4/4). Culm-sheaths persistent (3/41), or tardily deciduous (2/41), or deciduous but leaving a persistent girdle (2/41), or deciduous (36/41); without auricles (23/46), or auriculate (24/46). Culm-sheath blade linear (2/53), or lanceolate (27/53), or narrowly ovate (2/53), or ovate (13/53), or triangular (11/53); constricted at base (2/10), or narrower than sheath (6/10), or as wide as sheath at base (2/10). Leaf-sheath auricles absent (61), or erect (2), or falcate (8). Ligule an eciliate membrane (61), or a ciliolate membrane (8), or a ciliate membrane (2). Leaf-blade base without a false petiole (5), or with a brief petiole-like connection to sheath (66). Leaf-blades persistent (67), or deciduous at the ligule (2); linear (4), or lanceolate (48), or elliptic (2), or oblong (27), or ovate (2); herbaceous (66), or chartaceous (3). Leaf-blade midrib conspicuous (7/7). Leaf-blade venation without cross veins (53), or with obscure cross veins (4), or with distinct cross veins (12).

INFLORESCENCE Synflorescence bractiferous (58/58); clustered at the nodes (58/58); in globose clusters (40/58), or stellate clusters (9/58), or oblong clusters (3/58), or untidy tufts (6/58); with glumaceous subtending bracts (56/58), or spathaceous subtending bracts (2/58); with axillary buds at base of spikelet (58/58); leafy between clusters (1/53), or leafless between clusters (44/53), or leafless between branches (9/53).

Fertile spikelets sessile (58/58).

FERTILE SPIKELETS Spikelets comprising 1–4–10 fertile florets; without rhachilla extension (55/57), or with diminished florets at the apex (4/57). Spikelets lanceolate (27/58), or elliptic (3/58), or oblong (3/58), or ovate (30/58); laterally compressed (56/58), or subterete (2/58); 3.5–11.18–35 mm long; falling entire (5/58), or breaking up at maturity (53/58); disarticulating below each fertile floret (52/53), or above glumes but not between florets (1/53). Rhachilla internodes brief up to lowest fertile floret (57/58), or elongated between glumes (1/58); suppressed between florets (48/53), or definite (5/53).

GLUMES Glumes one the lower absent or obscure (7/58), or one the upper absent or obscure (1/58), or two (35/58), or several (27/58); persistent (53/53); shorter than spikelet (58/58). Lower glume lanceolate (3/38), or ovate (33/38), or orbicular (2/38); 0.7–0.875–1 length of upper glume; chartaceous (29/32), or coriaceous (3/32); without keels (27/30), or 1-keeled (3/30); 9–10 -veined (1/5), or 11–12 -veined (2/5), or 13 -veined (3/5), or 14–155 -veined (1/5). Lower glume surface without pits (55/55); glabrous (46/55), or puberulous (5/55), or pubescent (4/55). Lower glume apex obtuse (3/31), or acute (26/31), or acuminate (2/31); muticous (30/38), or mucronate (8/38). Upper glume lanceolate (1/50), or ovate (46/50), or orbicular (1/50), or oblate (1/50), or obovate (1/50); 0.6–0.8–1 length of adjacent fertile lemma; chartaceous (41/42), or coriaceous (1/42); without keels (38/41), or 1-keeled (3/41); 5 -veined (1/7), or 9 -veined (3/7), or 10–12 -veined (2/7), or 13–14 -veined (1/7), or 15 -veined (2/7), or 16 -veined (1/7). Upper glume primary vein eciliate (56/58), or ciliolate (1/58), or ciliate (1/58). Upper glume lateral veins with cross-veins (3/3). Upper glume surface glabrous (46/58), or puberulous (7/58), or pubescent (4/58), or hispidulous (1/58). Upper glume apex truncate (1/44), or obtuse (6/44), or acute (25/44), or acuminate (14/44); muticous (42/50), or mucronate (8/50).

FLORETS Fertile lemma lanceolate (2/58), or ovate (48/58), or orbicular (6/58), or oblate (1/58), or obovate (1/58); without auricles (57/58), or auriculate at base (1/58); membranous (1/58), or chartaceous (55/58), or coriaceous (2/58); without keel (56/58), or keeled (2/58); wingless (58/58); 7–11 -veined (1/10), or 12–13 -veined (2/10), or 14–15 -veined (1/10), or 16–17 -veined (4/10), or 18–19 -veined (3/10), or 20 -veined (2/10), or 25 -veined (1/10). Lemma surface smooth (57/58), or scaberulous (1/58); unwrinkled (56/58), or rugose (2/58); without grooves (58/58); glabrous (38/58), or puberulous (11/58), or pubescent (5/58), or pilose (4/58), or hispidulous (1/58). Lemma margins flat (57/58), or convolute (1/58); eciliate (32/58), or ciliolate (5/58), or ciliate (21/58). Lemma apex truncate (1/56), or obtuse (6/56), or acute (28/56), or acuminate (20/56), or attenuate (1/56), or apiculate (2/56); muticous (36/58), or pungent (1/58), or mucronate (20/58), or awned (4/58); 1 -awned (4/4). Principal lemma awn attenuate (23/24), or pungent (1/24). Palea 0.9–0.9778–1 length of lemma; membranous (4/58), or chartaceous (54/58); 2–3 -veined (1/22), or 4–5 -veined (5/22), or 6 -veined (6/22), or 7 -veined (7/22), or 8 -veined (5/22), or 9 -veined (4/22), or 10 -veined (3/22), or 11 -veined (2/22); without keels (6/58), or 2-keeled but the uppermost without keels (52/58), or 2-keeled (2/58). Palea keels eciliate (17/54), or puberulous (1/54), or pubescent (1/54), or ciliolate (13/54), or ciliate (22/54). Palea surface glabrous (41/58), or puberulous (5/58), or pubescent (7/58), or pilose (5/58). Palea apex entire (1/6), or dentate (6/6). Apical sterile florets 1 in number (2/2); barren (3/3).

FLOWER Lodicules absent (54/55), or 1 (5/55), or 2 (3/55), or 3 (1/55); glabrous (4/6), or ciliate (2/6). Anthers 3–5 (1/58), or 6 (58/58). Stigmas 1 (55/57), or 2 (3/57), or 3 (2/57); plumose (37/58), or pubescent (21/58). Ovary unappendaged (31/58), or umbonate (27/58); glabrous (3/39), or with a few apical hairs (1/39), or pubescent on apex (28/39), or pubescent all over (9/39).

FRUIT Caryopsis with adherent pericarp (56/56); oblong (2/10), or ovoid (6/10), or orbicular (1/10), or obovoid (2/10); apex rostrate (2/2). Hilum linear (1/1); 1 length of caryopsis.

DISTRIBUTION Africa (2), or Temperate Asia (32), or Tropical Asia (47), or Pacific (1).

Please cite this publication as detailed in How to Cite Version: 3rd February 2016.