Yushania

HABIT Perennial. Rhizomes absent (3), or short (76), or elongated (4); leptomorph (1/79), or pachymorph (78/79). Culms erect (73/76), or geniculately ascending (2/76), or arching (2/76); 30–345.6–5850 cm long; woody; without nodal roots (3/5), or rooting from lower nodes (1/5), or with aerial roots from the nodes (1/5), or with root thorns from the nodes (1/5). Culm-internodes terete. Culm-nodes constricted (1/20), or flush with internodes (10/20), or swollen (10/20); without obvious supra-nodal ridge (3/8), or with distinct supra-nodal ridge (8/8). Lateral branches suffrutescent (11), or dendroid (71). Branch complement one (23/72), or two (13/72), or three (22/72), or several (46/72), or many (13/72); in a horizontal line (2/7), or in an irregular line (5/7); with subequal branches (8/11), or 1 branch dominant (3/11); as thick as stem (1/3), or thinner than stem (2/3). Culm-sheaths persistent (47/62), or tardily deciduous (10/62), or deciduous but leaving a persistent girdle (2/62), or deciduous (7/62); without auricles (48/69), or auriculate (21/69). Culm-sheath blade linear (59/71), or lanceolate (53/71), or triangular (7/71); narrower than sheath (4/4). Leaf-sheath auricles absent (64), or erect (5), or falcate (15). Ligule an eciliate membrane (72), or a ciliolate membrane (11). Leaf-blade base with a brief petiole-like connection to sheath. Leaf-blades persistent (66), or deciduous at the ligule (16); linear (16), or lanceolate (81), or oblong (5); herbaceous (32), or chartaceous (49), or coriaceous (1). Leaf-blade midrib indistinct (1/3), or evident (1/3), or conspicuous (1/3). Leaf-blade venation without cross veins (2), or with obscure cross veins (17), or with distinct cross veins (63). Leaf-blade margins cartilaginous (1/1).

INFLORESCENCE Inflorescence a panicle (21/24), or composed of racemes (2/24), or comprising only a few spikelets (1/24); terminal (22/24), or terminal and axillary (2/24); subtended by an unspecialized leaf-sheath (22/24), or a spatheole (1/24), or bracts (1/24); exserted (22/24), or embraced at base by subtending leaf (2/24).

Panicle open (17/19), or contracted (2/19).

Racemes single (2/2); linear (1/2), or oblong (1/2); unilateral (1/1); bearing 3–7 fertile spikelets on each (1/1).

Spikelets solitary (24/24). Fertile spikelets sessile (1/24), or pedicelled (23/24). Pedicels filiform (2/2).

FERTILE SPIKELETS Spikelets comprising 2–6–14 fertile florets; with diminished florets at the apex (24/24). Spikelets linear (19/24), or lanceolate (4/24), or oblong (1/24); laterally compressed (23/24), or subterete (1/24); 6–30.28–60 mm long; breaking up at maturity (24/24); disarticulating below each fertile floret (24/24). Spikelet callus pubescent (1/1). Rhachilla internodes definite (24/24); glabrous (10/24), or pubescent (9/24), or pilose (5/24). Floret callus pubescent (1/2), or pilose (1/2).

GLUMES Glumes persistent (24/24); shorter than spikelet (24/24). Lower glume linear (1/23), or lanceolate (8/23), or ovate (14/23); chartaceous (9/23), or herbaceous (14/23); without keels (21/22), or 1-keeled (1/22); 0 -veined (1/14), or 1 -veined (3/14), or 2 -veined (1/14), or 3 -veined (8/14), or 4–5 -veined (5/14), or 6 -veined (1/14), or 7 -veined (3/14), or 8–9 -veined (1/14). Lower glume lateral veins absent (4/24), or obscure (1/24), or distinct (20/24). Lower glume surface smooth (23/24), or scabrous (1/24); without pits (24/24); glabrous (21/24), or puberulous (2/24), or pilose (2/24). Lower glume apex obtuse (1/20), or acute (4/20), or acuminate (12/20), or attenuate (1/20), or setaceously attenuate (2/20); muticous (22/23), or mucronate (1/23). Upper glume lanceolate (11/23), or elliptic (1/23), or ovate (12/23); chartaceous (9/23), or herbaceous (14/23); without keels (20/22), or 1-keeled (2/22); 3 -veined (4/18), or 4 -veined (2/18), or 5 -veined (10/18), or 6 -veined (3/18), or 7 -veined (7/18), or 8 -veined (3/18), or 9 -veined (4/18), or 11 -veined (1/18). Upper glume primary vein eciliate (23/24), or ciliate (1/24). Upper glume lateral veins with cross-veins (1/1). Upper glume surface smooth (23/24), or scabrous (1/24); glabrous (21/24), or puberulous (1/24), or pilose (3/24). Upper glume apex obtuse (2/20), or acute (4/20), or acuminate (11/20), or attenuate (1/20), or setaceously attenuate (2/20); muticous (20/23), or mucronate (2/23), or awned (1/23); 1 -awned (1/1).

FLORETS Fertile lemma lanceolate (8/24), or elliptic (1/24), or oblong (2/24), or ovate (15/24); chartaceous (8/22), or herbaceous (14/22); without keel (21/23), or keeled (2/23); wingless (24/24); 5–6 -veined (2/19), or 7 -veined (13/19), or 8 -veined (6/19), or 9 -veined (12/19), or 10–11 -veined (1/19). Lemma midvein without distinctive roughness (22/24), or scabrous (2/24). Lemma lateral veins obscure (1/2), or prominent (1/2). Lemma surface smooth (22/24), or asperulous (1/24), or scaberulous (1/24), or scabrous (1/24); unwrinkled (24/24); without grooves (24/24); glabrous (17/24), or puberulous (3/24), or pubescent (2/24), or pilose (2/24). Lemma margins eciliate (19/24), or ciliate (5/24), or pubescent (1/24). Lemma apex obtuse (1/23), or acute (5/23), or acuminate (15/23), or attenuate (2/23), or setaceously attenuate (2/23); without ornament (23/24), or pubescent (1/24); muticous (21/24), or mucronate (2/24), or awned (1/24); 1 -awned (1/1). Palea 1 length of lemma; membranous (23/24), or chartaceous (1/24); 2 -veined (1/7), or 4 -veined (1/7), or 5 -veined (2/7), or 6 -veined (3/7), or 7 -veined (1/7), or 8 -veined (2/7), or 9 -veined (1/7). Palea keels smooth (22/24), or scaberulous (1/24), or scabrous (1/24); eciliate (7/24), or ciliolate (12/24), or ciliate (5/24). Palea surface glabrous (18/24), or puberulous (2/24), or pubescent (4/24). Palea apex dentate (10/10); muticous (23/24), or with excurrent keel veins (1/24). Apical sterile florets resembling fertile though underdeveloped (24/24).

FLOWER Lodicules 2 (1/23), or 3 (22/23); membranous (15/15); glabrous (9/23), or ciliate (14/23). Anthers 3 (22/22). Stigmas 2 (9/23), or 3 (15/23). Ovary glabrous (16/16).

FRUIT Caryopsis with adherent pericarp (22/22); linear (1/9), or fusiform (2/9), or ellipsoid (2/9), or oblong (4/9); trigonous (1/1); apex unappendaged (6/6). Embryo 0.2 length of caryopsis. Hilum linear (4/4).

DISTRIBUTION Europe (1), or Africa (3), or Temperate Asia (69), or Tropical Asia (12).

Please cite this publication as detailed in How to Cite Version: 3rd February 2016.