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GrassBase - The Online World Grass Flora
Descriptions
W.D. Clayton, M. Vorontsova, K.T. Harman & H. Williamson
© Copyright The Board of Trustees, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Bromus japonicus
HABIT Annual. Culms erect, or geniculately ascending; 35–70 cm long. Leaf-sheaths pubescent. Ligule an eciliate membrane. Leaf-blades 5–15 cm long; 3–6 mm wide.
INFLORESCENCE Inflorescence a panicle.
Panicle open; ovate; effuse; 10–20 cm long; 5–10 cm wide. Primary panicle branches spreading, or drooping. Panicle branches multilateral, or secund; scabrous.
Spikelets solitary. Fertile spikelets pedicelled.
FERTILE SPIKELETS Spikelets comprising 7–15 fertile florets; with diminished florets at the apex. Spikelets ovate; laterally compressed; 15–35(–40) mm long; breaking up at maturity; disarticulating below each fertile floret.
GLUMES Glumes persistent; similar; shorter than spikelet. Lower glume lanceolate; 4–5 mm long; 0.66 length of upper glume; membranous; without keels; 3 -veined. Lower glume surface glabrous, or pubescent. Lower glume apex acute. Upper glume lanceolate; 6–7 mm long; 0.66–0.75 length of adjacent fertile lemma; membranous; without keels; 7 -veined. Upper glume surface glabrous, or pubescent. Upper glume apex acute.
FLORETS Fertile lemma elliptic, or trullate; widest at 0.6 of its length from base; 8–12 mm long; coriaceous; much thinner on margins; without keel; 7 -veined. Lemma lateral veins obscure. Lemma surface glabrous, or pubescent. Lemma apex dentate; 2 -fid; awned; 1 -awned. Principal lemma awn subapical; curved; spreading, or reflexed; flat below; 5–16 mm long overall (lower shorter). Palea keels ciliolate. Apical sterile florets resembling fertile though underdeveloped.
FLOWER Lodicules 2; membranous. Anthers 3; 0.75–1.5 mm long. Ovary with a fleshy appendage above style insertion; pubescent on apex.
FRUIT Caryopsis with adherent pericarp; hairy at apex; apex fleshy. Hilum linear.
DISTRIBUTION Europe: central, southwestern, southeastern, and eastern. Africa: north. Asia-temperate: Siberia, Soviet far east, Soviet Middle Asia, Caucasus, western Asia, China, Mongolia, and eastern Asia. Asia-tropical: India. Australasia: Australia. Pacific: north-central. North America: western Canada, eastern Canada, northwest USA, north-central USA, northeast USA, southwest USA, south-central USA, and southeast USA. South America: southern South America.
NOTES Bromeae. Fl Turk 1993.
Please cite this publication as detailed in How to Cite Version: 3rd February 2016.
