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Descriptions

W.D. Clayton, M. Vorontsova, K.T. Harman & H. Williamson

© Copyright The Board of Trustees, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Echinochloa cruspavonis

HABIT Perennial. Culms geniculately ascending, or decumbent; robust; 50–200 cm long; without nodal roots, or rooting from lower nodes. Leaf-sheaths smooth. Ligule absent. Leaf-blades 15–60 cm long; 5–25 mm wide.

INFLORESCENCE Inflorescence composed of racemes.

Racemes numerous; borne along a central axis; unilateral; 3–15 cm long; secondarily branched; secondary branches racemulose. Central inflorescence axis 10–30 cm long. Rhachis angular. Spikelet packing 4 -rowed.

Spikelets solitary, or clustered at each node. Fertile spikelets sessile; 2–4 in the cluster.

FERTILE SPIKELETS Spikelets comprising 1 basal sterile florets; 1 fertile florets; without rhachilla extension. Spikelets elliptic; dorsally compressed; gibbous; acuminate; 2–3(–3.5) mm long; falling entire.

GLUMES Glumes dissimilar; reaching apex of florets; thinner than fertile lemma. Lower glume ovate; clasping; 0.3–0.5 length of spikelet; membranous; without keels; 3–5 -veined. Lower glume surface hispid. Lower glume apex acute. Upper glume ovate; membranous; without keels; 5 -veined. Upper glume surface hispid. Upper glume apex cuspidate.

FLORETS Basal sterile florets male, or barren; with palea. Lemma of lower sterile floret similar to upper glume; ovate; 1 length of spikelet; membranous; 5 -veined; hispid; acute, or acuminate; awned. Awn of lower sterile floret 1–3(–7) mm long. Fertile lemma ovate; gibbous; 2–2.5 mm long; indurate; much thinner above; shiny; without keel; 5 -veined. Lemma margins involute. Lemma apex acuminate; laterally pinched. Palea reflexed at apex; indurate.

FLOWER Anthers 3; 0.5 mm long.

DISTRIBUTION Africa: west tropical, west-central tropical, northeast tropical, east tropical, southern tropical, and south. Asia-temperate: China. Asia-tropical: India, Indo-China, and Papuasia. Australasia: Australia and New Zealand. North America: south-central USA, southeast USA, and Mexico. South America: Mesoamericana, Caribbean, northern South America, western South America, Brazil, and southern South America.

NOTES Paniceae. FTEA.

Please cite this publication as detailed in How to Cite Version: 3rd February 2016.